Vijay Diwas 2025, observed on 16 December, commemorates one of the most decisive military victories in Indian history—the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971, which resulted in the liberation of Bangladesh and altered the strategic balance of South Asia. The day honours the courage, sacrifice, and strategic brilliance of the Indian Armed Forces and the Mukti Bahini, who together ensured the birth of a new sovereign nation.

In 2025, India marks the 54th anniversary of this historic victory, remembering nearly 3,900 Indian soldiers who laid down their lives and more than 9,800 who were injured during the short but intense conflict.

Background to the 1971 War

The roots of the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 lay in the deep political, economic, and cultural divide between West Pakistan and East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh).

The crisis intensified after the 1970 general elections, where the Awami League, led by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won a decisive mandate in East Pakistan. However, the refusal of the West Pakistani leadership to transfer power triggered mass unrest.

In March 1971, the Pakistani military launched Operation Searchlight under General Yahya Khan, leading to widespread genocide, mass killings, sexual violence, and displacement of millions of civilians. The humanitarian catastrophe forced nearly 10 million refugees to flee into India, compelling India to intervene.

Indo-Pakistan War 1971: A Decisive Conflict

The war officially began on 3 December 1971, when Pakistan carried out pre-emptive airstrikes on 11 Indian airbases. India responded with a coordinated and swift military strategy on both eastern and western fronts.

Key Features of the War

• The conflict lasted 13 days, making it one of the shortest high-intensity wars in history.
• The Eastern Front focused on the liberation of East Pakistan, while the Western Front saw battles along Punjab, Rajasthan, and Jammu borders.
• Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, Chief of Army Staff, led India’s integrated tri-services strategy.
• Operation Trident (4 December 1971) crippled Karachi port and destroyed major Pakistani naval assets.
• Iconic battles included Longewala, Parbat Ali, and the daring Chachro raid by 10 Para Commandos under Lt Col Bhawani Singh.

The war culminated on 16 December 1971, when approximately 93,000 Pakistani soldiers surrendered in Dhaka—the largest military surrender since World War II.

Formation of Bangladesh

Bangladesh emerged as a sovereign nation after a prolonged and brutal liberation struggle, decisively supported by India.

• Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared independence on 26 March 1971, shortly before his arrest.
• The declaration was broadcast on 27 March 1971 by Major Ziaur Rahman from the Kalurghat Radio Station.
• The Mujibnagar Government-in-Exile was formed on 10 April 1971, with Tajuddin Ahmed as Prime Minister.
• Joint operations by the Indian Armed Forces and the Mukti Bahini accelerated the fall of Dhaka.

On 16 December 1971, Bangladesh officially emerged as an independent nation, ending decades of political and economic marginalisation.

Vijay Diwas 2025: Memorials and National Observances

Vijay Diwas is marked across India with solemn tributes, ceremonies, and public remembrance.

• Citizens pay homage by lighting candles and offering flowers to the fallen heroes.
• The Victory War Memorial at Kamarajar Salai, Chennai, remains open for public homage on 16 December.
• Nationwide events honour military leadership, especially Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, and the bravery of Indian soldiers.

Vijay Diwas 2025 Special Commemorations

In 2025, Vijay Diwas is being observed with military, cultural, and public outreach programmes across the country to mark the 54th anniversary.

• A major highlight is the grand Military Tattoo, organised on 16 December 2025 by Headquarters Eastern Command at the Mangal Pandey Training Area, Vijay Durg, Kolkata.

India–Bangladesh: A Shared Remembrance

Vijay Diwas holds deep emotional significance for both nations.

• In India, it is celebrated as Vijay Diwas.
• In Bangladesh, the day is observed as Bijoy Dibos.

The shared commemoration symbolises the joint struggle, sacrifice, and solidarity that led to Bangladesh’s independence. It also reflects the enduring India–Bangladesh friendship, mutual respect, and shared historical legacy rooted in the events of 1971.