Daily Mains Answer Writing Practice – Mains Questions GS-1 (UNIT-I)
Q. 1 . How do nationalism and socialism differ from each other?
Ans.
Nationalism and socialism are both ideologies that have influenced political movements and governance across the world, but they differ significantly in their core principles and focus.
The differences between Nationalism and Socialism are:
| Aspect | Nationalism | Socialism |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Though an ancient phenomenon, but took its modern form under colonisation & imperialism. | Primarily originates with the Age of Enlightenment and the accompanying rise of liberalism and the Industrial Revolution. |
| Core Focus | Emphasizes national identity, culture, and sovereignty. | Focuses on economic equality and social justice. |
| Unity | Unites people based on shared national identity, culture and history. | Aims to reduce class distinctions and promote equality in resources. |
| Interests | Prioritizes national interests and sovereignty; promotes racial superiority. E.g., Nazi’s nationalism. | Absence of private property and promote collective ownership. |
| Policies | Often includes cultural preservation and immigration controls. | Includes progressive taxation, social programs, and public ownership. |
| Examples | Movements for independence, patriotism. E.g., Indian Independent movements. | Welfare states, public healthcare, and state-owned enterprises. |
Despite these differences, both ideologies continue to shape the political and social landscapes of nations worldwide, often intersecting and interacting in complex ways.
Q.2 What are the basic differences between the Mughal Style and Rajput Style of paintings?
Ans.
Mughal paintings refer to a style of miniature painting. They developed during the reign of the Mughal Empire from the 16th to the 18th century.
- Rajput painting, also called Rajasthani painting, evolved and flourished in the royal courts of Rajputana in northern India, mainly during the late 15th to 18th centuries.
- The artistic traditions of Mughal and Rajput paintings, while contemporaneous, present a striking contrast in themes, styles, and philosophies.
The Major differences between the two are:
| Aspect | Rajput Paintings | Mughal Paintings |
|---|---|---|
| Dominant Themes | – Socioreligious and Bhakti themes are dominant in Rajput painting. – Mythological themes in Rajput paintings. | – Royal pursuits, such as court life and hunting scenes, are dominant themes in Mughal paintings. – Mythological themes are almost absent in Mughal painting. |
| Nature | – More emotional and lyrical in nature. | – Mughal paintings are more intellectual. |
| Depiction of Women | – In Rajput paintings, various facets of women are depicted. | – Such depiction is absent in Mughal paintings. |
| Indian Tradition | – More visible than Mughal paintings. | – Less visible and restricted to some areas. |
| Use of Colors | – In Rajput painting, different colours convey specific meaning. | – This was absent in Mughal painting. |
| Compartmental Pictures | – Present in Rajput paintings. | – Absent in Mughal paintings. |
| Birds and Animals | – Used as symbolic in nature. | – Birds and animals in Mughal paintings are products of curiosity and entertainment. |
| Collaborative Creation | – Practice of the creation of a painting by more than one painter was absent in the Rajput School of Paintings. | – In Mughal painting, there is the trend of creation of one painting by many painters. |
In essence, Mughal paintings are more intellectual and realistic, showing the splendour of royal life and detailed, lifelike scenes. On the other hand, Rajput paintings are full of symbolism, emotion, and poetic imagery.
That’s all for today’s GS answer writing practice!
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