In a significant step towards environmental sustainability, the Himachal Pradesh government has decided to ban the use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in all indoor official meetings, conferences, and events organized by government bodies, as well as in government-run and private hotels. The ban on small PET bottles (up to 500 ml) will officially come into effect from June 1, 2025.

Why the Ban on PET Bottles?

The decision stems from growing concerns about the high potential for littering caused by PET bottles and their long-term environmental impact. Despite being recyclable, PET bottles often end up in landfills, rivers, and forests, contributing to plastic pollution and threatening ecosystems.

Invoking powers under Section 3-A of the H.P. Non-Biodegradable Garbage (Control) Act, 1995, the state government has issued a notification prohibiting the use of PET bottles in all official indoor events conducted by departments, boards, corporations, and other state organizations.

In addition to the PET ban, the government has announced a fine of Rs 5,000 for littering one-time-use plastic items, compostable and biodegradable plastic carry bags, used for serving and consuming food, or other purposes by individuals, institutions, and commercial establishments.

Understanding Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is the most commonly used thermoplastic polymer globally and belongs to the polyester family. Known for its versatility and durability, PET is manufactured through the polymerization of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. When heated with chemical catalysts, these materials form a molten PET mass, which can either be spun into fibers or processed into solid plastics for various applications.

Key Properties of PET:

• Highly flexible, colorless, and semi-crystalline in its natural form.
• Excellent dimensional stability and impact resistance.
• Resistant to moisture, alcohols, and many solvents.
• Superb electrical insulating properties.
• Lightweight, reducing transportation costs.
• Good gas and moisture barrier capabilities.
• Recyclable, either through mechanical washing and remelting or by chemical breakdown into its components.

Common Applications of PET:

• Food and beverage packaging, especially convenience-sized bottles for water, soft drinks, and juices.
• Textile industry for producing synthetic fibers like polyester.
• Film and molding industries for making parts used in automotive, electronics, and other sectors.
• Electrical and electronic components, particularly insulation materials.

How People and the Environment Are Affected by PET Plastic

The manufacturing and widespread use of PET products come with numerous environmental and health risks. When the chemicals used in PET production leak into groundwater, air, or the packaged contents, they pose serious threats to ecosystems and human health.

PET plastic also significantly affects marine life. Microplastics released from PET products are often mistaken for food by sea creatures. In turn, when humans consume seafood, they inadvertently ingest these tiny plastic particles, leading to long-term health issues.

Moreover, the manufacturing and improper disposal of PET plastics contribute to the degradation of air quality, increasing the risk of respiratory diseases. These adverse effects not only impact current populations but can also harm future generations by contaminating vital natural resources like soil, water, and air.

Change Is Needed

The health and environmental risks associated with PET plastics highlight the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. Chemical leaks, microplastic pollution, and the accumulation of plastic waste are wreaking havoc on ecosystems and communities worldwide.

A collective shift toward sustainability is crucial to protect the planet, its animals, and humanity. Companies heavily reliant on PET plastic should explore and adopt eco-friendly substitutes. With conscious efforts from industries, governments, and consumers, it is possible to mitigate this growing environmental crisis and foster a healthier, greener future.

A Step Toward a Greener Himachal

Himachal Pradesh has long been a leader in eco-friendly initiatives, being one of the first states to ban plastic carry bags in 2009. The latest move to prohibit PET bottles reflects the government’s consistent commitment to sustainable development and environmental preservation.

By taking proactive measures like this, Himachal Pradesh sets a strong example for other states and communities to follow in building a cleaner, safer, and more sustainable world.

UPSC Prelims 2022 Question:

With reference to polyethylene terephthalate, the use of which is so widespread in our daily lives, consider the following statements:

1. Its fibres can be blended with wool and cotton fibres to reinforce their properties.
2. Containers made of it can be used to store any alcoholic beverage.
3. Bottles made of it can be recycled into other products.
4. Articles made of it can be easily disposed of by incineration without causing greenhouse gas emissions.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

a) 1 and 3

b) 2 and 4 

c) 1 and 4

d) 2 and 3

Correct Answer: Option a) 1 and 3